AWARDEE OF PHYSICS PRIZE

JING FUQIAN

Abstract

Prof. Jing Fuqian, born in June, 1929, in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, a physicist. He graduated from Department of Physics, Nanjing University, and then joined Department of Geophysical Exploration, Changchun Institute of Geology, as a teacher. In July,1960, he was transferred to China Academy of Engineering Physics and engaged in  scientific research work.
After entering CAEP, he changed his field to experimental explosion dynamics and then to condensed matter physics at high temperature and high pressure.
In the field of explosion dynamics, he proposed that “ detonation-head model" be used, instead of the original model using sound speed,  to estimate the severe release limit for designing semispherical implosion experiment. This new concept was testified in the experiments, which in turn extended the application scope of the semispherical model and facilitated the breakthrough of atomic bomb imploding compression technology. For the over-semispherical implosion model experiments, a key technical issue was the protection of the signal wire passing through the inner cavity. With Prof. Dong Qingdong, he suggested two schemes: “absolute protection" and “relative protection". The absolute one was finally accepted for the worksite experiment and has been utilized up to now. Owing to the above-mentioned achievements, he won a first-class national natural science award in 1984. Among the ten main recipients headed by Academician Wang Ganchang, he was the seventh.  
In the field of high temperature and high pressure condensed matter physics, he once played an important role in performing ultrahigh equation of state measurements under a severe radiation environment in underground nuclear explosion. He resolved three key technical problems: (1) giving the threshold of irradiation-resisting capability by theoretical analysis and calculation, (2) giving the shielding effect of the shielding tunnel (or layer) against the external transient electromagnetic interference field by the product of a transient response due to a step-wise field and a stationary response of a sine wave field, and (3) giving an exponential attenuation of an external electromagnetic interference field along the shielding tunnel. These were validated in the experiment at the testsite soon afterwards. He was in charge in establishing National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics which was completed in 1992. A large amount of investigations on equation of state, dynamic damage and fracture, new material synthesis, and so on have been conducted in the laboratory ever since, providing a lot of necessary basic physical data for weapon engineering design.
Prof. Jing Fuqian has trained  many researchers for China, including 15 doctors, 3 masters  and 3 post-doctors. He published a monograph entitled “Introduction to Experimental Equation of State"in 1986 and the second edition in 1999 by Science Press in Beijing. He was a deputy of the 8th National People's Congress, won the title of national-class expert having made outstanding contribution in 1984, and  was elected the academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991.